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🗣 Wd提问: centos vps

🤖 Ai回答:
Here's a concise guide to setting up and managing a CentOS VPS, including critical updates and best practices:

⚠️ Critical Note: CentOS Version Choice
CentOS 7: Still supported until June 30, 2024 (use this if you need stability).
CentOS 8: End-of-Life (EOL) since December 31, 2021 — do not use (security risks!).
Alternatives (recommended for new setups):
Rocky Linux or AlmaLinux (1:1 replacements for CentOS).
CentOS Stream (rolling-release, less stable for production).

🔧 Basic Setup Steps (for CentOS 7)
1、Connect to your VPS (replace `IP_ADDRESS`):
bash
ssh root@IP_ADDRESS

2、Update the system:
bash
yum update -y && reboot

3、Create a non-root user (replace `username`):
bash
adduser username
passwd username
usermod -aG wheel username Grant sudo privileges

4、 Harden SSH security:
bash
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Set `PermitRootLogin no`
Set `PasswordAuthentication no` (use SSH keys instead)
Restart SSH: `systemctl restart sshd`

5、Set up a firewall (using `firewalld`):
bash
firewall-cmd permanent add-service=http
firewall-cmd permanent add-service=https
firewall-cmd reload

🛡️ Security Essentials
Use SSH keys (never passwords for SSH):
bash
ssh-copy-id username@IP_ADDRESS

Install Fail2Ban to block brute-force attacks:
bash
yum install fail2ban -y
systemctl enable now fail2ban

Disable unused services:
bash
systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled
systemctl disable [service-name]

🌐 Common Software Installs
LAMP Stack (Apache, MySQL, PHP):
bash
yum install httpd mariadb-server php php-mysql -y
systemctl enable now httpd mariadb

Nginx + PHP-FPM:
bash
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx php-fpm php-mysqlnd -y
systemctl enable now nginx php-fpm

❌ Avoid These Mistakes
1、Using CentOS 8 (EOL = no security updates).
2、Running apps as `root` (always use `sudo`).
3、Ignoring SELinux (check status with `sestatus`; configure with `setsebool`).
4、Skipping backups (use `rsync` or tools like `borgbackup`).

🔄 Migrating from CentOS?
If you’re stuck on CentOS 8, migrate to Rocky Linux:
bash
curl https://convert2rocky.org | bash

(Back up first! Test in a staging environment.)

💡 Need Help With Something Specific?
Let me know:
How to secure MySQL?
How to set up a Node.js app?
Why is my CentOS 8 VPS failing updates?
Best CentOS alternative for a VPS?

Just ask! 😊

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